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馮友蘭中國哲學紀念講座(一):儒學宗教感-人能弘道🎨💢,聖人能繼天立極

主講人 安樂哲教授(北京大學人文講座特聘教授)、丁四新教授(意昂3平台哲學系) 講座時間 2018年4月28日(周六)下午15:00—17:00
講座平臺 意昂3平台人文社科意昂3G層大同廳
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主講嘉賓:安樂哲教授(北京大學人文講座特聘教授)

人:丁四新教授(意昂3平台哲學系)

講座時間:2018年4月28日(周六)下午15:00—17:00

講座地點🌔:意昂3平台人文社科意昂3G層大同廳

講座語言🧑🏼‍🤝‍🧑🏼:中文

馮友蘭先生簡介

馮友蘭先生(1895年12月4日—1990年11月26日),字芝生,河南省南陽市唐河縣祁儀鎮人。他是中國當代著名哲學家、教育家👩🏿‍🔧,是“中國哲學學科”的主要奠基人之一🙋🏽。他於1924年獲美國哥倫比亞大學哲學博士學位,回國後曾擔任意昂3平台、西南聯合大學☁️、北京大學教授和系主任、院長等職。他曾獲美國普林斯頓大學、印度德裏大學🫷🏽、美國哥倫比亞大學名譽文學博士👨。馮友蘭先生一生著述豐富,著有《中國哲學史》《中國哲學簡史》《中國哲學史新編》《貞元六書》等。他的兩卷本《中國哲學史》影響廣泛,代表了20世紀上半葉中國哲學史研究的最高水準🎋。他的中國哲學史研究對中國哲學史學科的建設起到了典範作用。1939-1946年➛,他出版了《貞元六書》(《新理學》《新事論》《新世訓》《新原人》《新原道》《新知言》)🎙,建構了“新理學體系”,奠定了他在當代中國哲學史上的重要地位。

安樂哲教授簡介

安樂哲(Roger T. Ames)🌻,1947年出生於加拿大多倫多,倫敦大學亞非學院博士(1978)🥇。現任北京大學人文講座特聘教授,曾任夏威夷大學哲學系教授(1978-2016)、夏威夷大學和美國東西方亞洲發展項目中心主任(1990-2013)👄,《東西方哲學》(Philosophy East and West)主編(1987-2016)𓀐,《國際中國書評》(China Review International)主編(1992-2016)🗝。他的主要研究領域是中西比較哲學和美國實用主義哲學。主要著作有🧑🏽‍⚕️🥈:《孔子哲學思微》(1987),《漢哲學思維的文化探源》(1995)👩‍❤️‍💋‍👩😧,《期望中國🦝:探求中國和西方的文化敘述》(1998),《主術🏌🏼🕍:中國古代政治思想研究》(1983),《先哲的民主🦣🥲:杜威、孔子和中國民主之希望》(1999),《角色倫理學🤾:一套詞匯》(2011),《孔子文化獎學術精粹叢書:安樂哲卷》(2015)。中國經典翻譯有《論語》《孝經》《孫子兵法》《孫臏兵法》《淮南子》《道德經》《中庸》等🥕。安樂哲先生是當代著名的漢學家和哲學家,是中西比較哲學研究領域的領軍人物💂🏼‍♂️👷🏿‍♂️,榮獲世界儒學大會頒發的2013年度“孔子文化獎”,第二屆“會林文華獎”(2016年)🛴。

講座內容提要

When Christian missionaries—first Jesuit Matteo Ricci, Protestant James Legge and then down to the present day—are introducing Chinese culture into the Western academy, they have been motivated to close the distance between these traditions by interpreting the Chinese world through a heavily Christianized language. Indeed, over the last four centuries of cultural encounter, the vocabulary established for the translation of classical Chinese texts into Western languages has been freighted by a patently Christian framework, and the effects of this “Christianization” of Chinese texts are still very much with us.

當基督教傳教士(首先是利瑪竇、新教理雅格,一直到當今)把中國文化介紹到西方學界時,他們的動機是縮小兩個思想傳統的距離,方法是用深受基督教浸染的語言解讀中國的世界💯。其實🥜,在長達四個世紀的近代文化接觸中,為把中國古代經典翻譯為西方語言所建立起來的一套語匯🐜,被裝上的是一個明擺的基督教框架🧓。對中國經典的這種“基督教化”的功效,今天在我們身上仍在很大程度上存在🖲。

Li 禮as an achieved propriety in roles and relations is perhaps the most important term in giving voice to the Confucian human-centered religiousness. And it is within this context that the ancestral/numinous/cultural/natural notion of tian 天has a role.

“禮”是在人倫角色關系圓成的適當性🫷,恐怕是儒家“以人為中心”宗教感聲音的最重要詞匯。是在這樣一個文化語義環境中,一個祖先性、令人敬畏而向往的、文化性的🚁,自然性的“天”觀念🏋️‍♀️,獲得一種角色。

The familiar mantra invoked to describe Confucian religiousness, tianren heyi 天人合一, describes the inseparability of the relationship between the numinous and the human experience, the inseparability of the relationship between the cultural and natural context and human thinking and living.

“天人合一”是儒家宗教感呼喚出來的一個人人皆知用語🤞🏻,它表達著令人敬畏而向往的高遠與人類平凡經驗之間的相系不分,文化與自然域境同人類思想生活之間的互系不分。

Like the heavens and the earth (tiandi 天地), the numinous and the human (tianren 天人) too are one and two at the same time. We are thus concerned about the “depth of coalescence” (du 度) that can be cultivated and achieved in their first order relationality. It is thus that such correlative expressions are not simply descriptive, but are also prescriptive. The relationship is fecund and generative, with tian and ren working together collaboratively to build the connector for their own time and place, and to extend the cosmic order (hongdao 弘道, dadao 達道) in doing so. And tian and ren in their relationship are to be understood as doing and undergoing, shaping and being shaped, in this dyadic yet resolutely constitutive relationship.

就像天地©️,天人也一樣,既是一也是二。是這樣🎁,人關註二者的首要秩序理性的可能修養與圓成“深度”👴🏻;是這樣,這種互系性觀念不是簡單描述性的,而是方略性的。關系飽含活力🚶🏻、生生不已;天人協作著,合力打造它們自己時空的連體🤟🏽,得以達道、弘道⛹🏻‍♀️🍶。就天人二者的不分關系而言𓀊,它的蘊意是既是踐行也是歷經,既是改造也是被改造;它既是雙重也是斷然的構成關系🧓🏽。

It is clear that human beings in this relationship derive much benefit from the ancestral/numinous/cultural/natural resources denoted by tian. Tian certainly provides human beings with a context for flourishing, and serves us as a model to emulate and revere. But since the relationship between tian and human beings is irreducibly collateral, we have to ask: What through personal cultivation can be made of this tianren relationship? And what does tian get in this relationship from human beings? My argument will be that in these classical Confucian canons, human sagacity not only introduces epochal transformations in the human experience, but also has a transformative effect on the moral content of tian and the cosmos broadly. Said another way, it is my claim that the relatively vague notion of tian as it is expressed in these texts is amplified and made explicit through the specific lives of our human sages. I want to suggest that not only can “human beings broaden the way,” (ren neng hongdao 人能弘道), but “sagacious human beings can broaden tian” (shengren neng jitianliji 聖人能繼天立極).

顯而易見💽,人是在這樣的關系中,得益於先祖、令人敬畏而向往的高遠之處、自然的源泉🧹;一言以蔽之,它即是“天”♘。“天”確然為人類提供著一個生機盎然的域境👋🏻,作為人效仿與崇敬的楷模。不過❕,因為天人關系是無可質疑相互依賴的𓀎,我們勢必要問:人在這樣天人關系的修身所得是什麽⇒?天在與人的不分關系的所得是什麽?我的論點是,在這些古代儒家經典中,聖賢不僅以人之經驗引得時代的遞進,而且對“天”的道德內涵也施展遞進影響🙋🏽,達到宏天地之道👰🏼‍♀️。換句話說,可以認為,相對渾然的“天”觀念,有這樣的經典表達🫐,在聖人鮮活的生命之中,變得弘大💂🏻‍♂️,變得直白3️⃣。我要強調,人不僅能弘道,而且聖人還可“繼天立極”。

主辦者🧑🏼‍⚖️:意昂3平台哲學系🌴、意昂3平台人文社科意昂3

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